Group B-3 ‰»Šw\‘’@(Chemical Structure)  
œ@Benzofenap iƒxƒ“ƒ]ƒtƒFƒiƒbƒvj
@
@CAS: 82692-44-2@@Pesticide @@MW: 431.3

AM Sal. Max ( 5 mg/plate, }S9)

 

1)

CA CHL/IU Maxi 0.16 mg/ml, }S9)

 

1)

1) Mitubishi Yuka Co. Ltd., Jap J. Pesticide Sci., 15, 125-129 (1990)@

œ@Benzo(b)fluoranthene
@@
205-99-2@Environ. Product@@ 252.3

AM Sal./E.coli Min (?)

›

1)

SCEv CH; BM Min ( 450 mg/kg x 5)

›

2)

1) Amin S, et al: Carcinogenesis, 6, 1023-1025 (1985)
2) Roszinsky KG, et al: Mutation Res., 66, 65-67 (1979)

US-NTP Genotoxicity Screening:
›@Ames Test :@                   ›
›@MLA Test (dehydrochloride):
›
›@CA Test with CHO cells:@  
›
›@SCE Test with CHO Cells: @
› @

IARC Carcinogenicity Criteria:
Group 2B (Possibly carcinogenic to humans)

œ@Benzoguanamine @
(2C4-Diamino-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine)
@@
91-76-9 @@Industry @187.20

AM Sal./E.coli Max ( 5.0 mg/plate, }S9)

 

1)

1) Ministry of Labour, Japan; Mutagen. Test Data of Exist. Chemical Subst.; JETOC (Ed.) Suppl (1997) (Tables in English)

œ@Benzoic acid
iˆΐ‘§Ž_j
@@
65-85-0@Food/ Industry@@122.12

AM Sal./E.coli Max ( 10.0 mg/plate, }S9)

 

1)

CA CHL/IU Max ( 1.5 mg/ml, -S9), 24-48h

’

2)

1) Ishidate MJ. (Ed.): Data Book of Mutagenicity Tests on Chemcals in Bacteria, LIC/Tokyo (1991) (Tables in English)
2) Sofuni T. (Ed.): Data Book of Chromosomal Aberration Test In Vitro LIC, Tokyo (1998) (Tables in English)

yNotez (Sited from CICADs Documents, 26, 2000)
  Benzoic acid Benzoic acid tested negative in several Ames tests and in one DNA damage assay with different Salmonella typhimurium strains in the presence or absence of metabolic activation (McCann et al., 1975; Ishidate et al., 1984; Nakamura et al., 1987; Zeiger et al., 1988). Only in one recombination assay with Bacillussubtilis H17 and M45 was a positive result obtained (Nonaka, 1989). However, due to missing experimental details (only results given), the validity of this study cannot be judged. There was no indication of genotoxic activity (chromosome aberrations, sister chromatid exchange) in tests with mammalian cells (Chinese hamster CHL and CHO cells, human lymphoblastoid cells, human lymphocytes) without metabolic activation (Oikawa et al., 1980; Tohda et al., 1980; Ishidate et al., 1984; Jansson et al., 1988). In vivo studies with benzoic acid were not identified in the literature.

  Sodium benzoate also gave negative results in some Ames tests and in Escherichia coli in the presence or absence of metabolic activation (Ishidate et al., 1984; Prival et al., 1991). As with benzoic acid in recombination assays with Bacillus subtilis H17 and M45, positive results were obtained (Ishizaki & Ueno, 1989; Nonaka, 1989). Although sodium benzoate tested negative in a cytogenetic assay with WI-38 cells in the absence of metabolic activation (US FDA, 1974), consistently positive results (in contrast to the negative results of benzoic acid) were obtained in tests on sister chromatid exchange and chromosome aberrations with CHL/CHO and DON cells or human lymphocytes without metabolic activation (Abe & Sasaki, 1977; Ishidate & Odashima, 1977; Ishidate et al., 1984, 1988; Xing & Zhang, 1990). However, from the limited information given in the publications (i.e., only results given), it cannot be judged if these positive results may have been attributable to cytotoxic effects. In a valid in vivo study performed by the US FDA (1974), sodium benzoate tested negative in a cytogenetic assay (bone marrow) in rats after single or multiple oral application of doses up to 5000 mg/kg body weight. In a study with mice (comparable dosing scheme), there was also no indication of mutagenic activity in a host-mediated assay (US FDA, 1974). However, in a dominant lethal assay with rats (comparable dosing scheme; males were mated with untreated females following 7 or 8 weeks of dosing), some statistically significant and dose-related findings were reported in week 7: decreased fertility index for both treatment regimens and an increased number of preimplantation losses after single dosing (US FDA, 1974). In summary, the in vitro studies with benzoic acid gave no indications for genotoxic effects, whereas in vivo studies were not identified. Sodium benzoate was also inactive in bacterial test systems, whereas tests with mammalian cells gave consistently positive results. In addition, in an in vivo study with sodium benzoate (dominant lethal assay in rats), a positive result was obtained. As a result, a genotoxic activity of sodium benzoate cannot be ruled out entirely at present.

References
EMcCann J, Choi E, Yamasaki E, Ames BN (1975) Detection of carcinogens as mutagens in the Salmonella/microsome test: assay of 300 chemicals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 72(12):5135-5139.
EIshidate MJr, Odashima S (1977) Chromosome tests with 134 compounds on Chinese hamster cells in vitro -- a screening for chemical carcinogenesis. Mutation research, 48: 337-354. ;
EIshidate MJr, Sofuni T, Yoshikawa K, Hayashi M, Nohmi T, Sawada M, Matsuoka A (1984) Primary mutagenicity screening of food additives currently used in Japan. Food and chemical toxicology, 22(8) :623-636.
EIshidate MJr, Harnois MC, Sofuni T (1988) A comparative analysis of data on the clastogenicity of 951 chemical substances tested in mammalian cell cultures. Mutation research, 195: 151-213.
ENakamura SI, Oda Y, Shimada T, Oki I, Sugimoto K (1987) SOS-inducing activity of chemical carcinogens and mutagens in Salmonellatyphimurium TA1535/pSK1002: examination with 151 chemicals. Mutationresearch, 192:239-246.
EZeiger E, Anderson B, Haworth S, Lawlor T, Mortelmans K (1988) Salmonella mutagenicity tests: IV. Results from the testing of 300 chemicals. Environmental and molecular mutagenesis, Suppl. 11(12):1-158.
ENonaka M (1989) DNA repair tests on food additives. Environmental andmolecular mutagenesis, 14 (Suppl. 15): 143.
EOikawa A, Tohda H, Kanai M, Miwa M, Sugimura T (1980) Inhibitors of poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) induced sister chromatid exchanges. Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 97(4): 1311-1316.
ETohda H, Horaguchi K, Takahashi K, Oikawa A, Matsushima T (1980) Epstein-Barr virus-transformed human lymphoblastoid cells for study of sister chromatid exchange and their evaluation as a test system. Cancer research, 40: 4775-4780.
EJansson T, Curvall M, Hedin A, Enzell CR (1988) In vitro studies of the biological effects of cigarette smoke condensate. III. Induction of SCE by some phenolic and related constituents derived from cigarette smoke. Mutation research, 206:17-24.
EPrival MJ, Simmon VF, Mortelmans KE (1991) Bacterial mutagenicity testing of 49 food ingredients gives very few positive results. Mutation research, 260: 321-329.
EIshizaki M, Ueno S (1989) The DNA damaging activity of natural and synthetic food additives. Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi (Journal of theFood Hygiene Society of Japan), 30: 447-451.
EUS FDA (1974) Mutagenic evaluation of compound FDA 71-37, sodiumbenzoate. Prepared by Litton Bionetics, Inc., Kensington, MD, for the US Food and Drug Administration (Unpublished report PB-245-453/6).
EAbe S, Sasaki M (1977) Chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges in Chinese hamster cells exposed to various chemicals. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 58(6): 1635-1641. ;
EXing W, Zhang Z (1990) A comparison of SCE test in human lymphocytes and Vicia faba: a hopeful technique using plants to detect mutagens and carcinogens. Mutation research, 241: 109-113.

œ@Benzoiniƒxƒ“ƒ]ƒCƒ“j
@@
119-53-9@@Industry/Laboratory@ 212.22

AM Sal. Min (?)

›

1)

CA CHL/IU Min ( 0.02 mg/ml, +S9), 6-18; D20= 0.029; TR= 230

›

2)

MN Mice Miax(?)

 

3)

1) Ishidate MJr, et al: Natl Inst. of Hygien. Sci., ?
2) Sofuni T. (Ed.): Data Book of Chromosomal Aberration Test In Vitro LIC, Tokyo (1998) (Tables in English)
3) ?


œ@Benzonitrile (cyanobenzene)
@
@100-47-0@ Industry@@ 103.12

AM Sal/E.coli Max ( 5.0 mg/plate, }S9)

 

1)

1) Ministry of Labour, Japan; Mutagen. Test Data of Exist. Chemical Subst..; JETOC (Ed.) (1996) (Tables in English)

œ Benzo(a)pyrene@iƒxƒ“ƒ][a] ƒsƒŒƒ“, B(a)Pj @
@@
50-32-8 @@Environ./Carcinogen@@252.30

AM Sal. Min (?)
›
1), 2)
DNA E.coli Min ( 75 ƒΚg/well, +S9)
›
3)
CA CHL/IU Min ( 0.512 mg/ml, +S9)
›
4) ,5)
CA Human WI38 Min (?) +S9
›
6)
SCE CHO Min (?)
›
7)
SCE Human LY Min ( 50ƒΚM, +S9)
›
8)
SM V79 (8AG) Min ( 0.1ƒΚg/ml)
›
9)
UDS HeLa Cells Min (?)
›
10)
CT Guinea Pig Cells ( 10 ƒΚg/ml)
›
11)
CT BALB/3T3 ( 1 ƒΚg/ml)
›
12)
1) Ames BN., et al.: Mutation Res., 31, 347-364 (1971)
2) Miyata N. et al.: Mutation Res. 37, 187 (1976)
3) Ichinotsubo D., et al.: Mutation Res., 46, 53-62 (1977)
4) Ishidate MJr.(Ed.): Data Book, Chromosomal Aberration Test, LIC, Tokyo/Elsevier, Amsterdam (1988)
5) Matsuoka A., et al.: Mutation Res., 66, 277-425 (1979)
6) Weinstein D., et al.: Mutation Res, 46, 297-304 (1977)
7) Pal K., et al.: Mutation Res., 50, 367-375 (1978)
8) Crig-Holmes AP. & Shaw MW.: Mutation Res., 46, 375-384 (1977)
9) Huberman E., et al.: J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 13, 326-333 (1974)
10) Martin CN., et al.: Cancer Res., 38, 2621-2627 (1978)
11) Evans CH. & DiPaolo JA.: Cancer Res., 35, 1035-1044 (1975)
12) DiPaolo JA., et al.: Cancer Res., 32, 2686-2695 (1972)

 NTP-Genotoxicity Screening:
›@Ames Test :@›
›@MLA Test (dehydrochloride):
›
›@CA Test with CHO cells:@
›
›@SCE Test with CHO Cells: @
›
›@SLRL Test with Drosophila:@
 

IARC Carcinogenicity Criteria:
  Group 2A
(Probably carcinogenic to humans)

 yNotez
IARC Monographs; 3, 91(1973); Suppl. 4, 227 (1982); 32, 211 (1983)@
œ p-Benzoquinone dioxme @
@
105-11-3 @Industry@138.13
CA CHL/IU Min ( 0.04 mg/ml, -S9), 48h @D20= 0.044
›
1)
1) Ministry of Labour, Japan; Mutagen. Test Data of Exist. Chem. Subst..; JETOC (Ed.) Suppl. 2 (2000) (Tables in English)

œ Benzotrichloride
iƒxƒ“ƒ]ƒgƒŠƒNƒƒ‰ƒCƒhj
@
98-07-7@Industry/Intermediate@195.5
REC B.subtilis Min (?)

›

1)

AM Sal. Min (?)

›

1)

AM Sal. Max (10 ƒΚl/plate, }S9)   2)
AM Sal/ E coli. Min (?) › 3)
MNv Mice Min (100 mg/kg), ip › 3)
CAv/SCE Rats, BM/Pb Min (1 ppm, 6h/d., for 4-24w.),ih › 3, 4)
1) Yasuo K., et al.: Mutation Res., 58, 143-150 (1978)
2) Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB), US. Natl Library of Medicine (1998)
3) BUA Report, 72 (1991)
4) Internat. Risk Information System (IRIS), US-EPA (1998)

yNotez
(Cited from IARC Monographs, Suppl., 6, 1987)@
@No data were available on the genetic and related effects of benzotrichloride in human.
@It induced mutaion and DNA damage in bacteria. (IARC Monographs, 29, 73, 198
2)

œ Benzoyl chloride@iƒxƒ“ƒ]ƒCƒ‹ƒNƒƒ‰ƒCƒhj
@
98-88-4@@@Industry@@@@ 140.57

AM Sal. Min (?)

›

1)

AM Sal. Max (?)

 

2)-4)

1) Chiu CW. et al.: Mutation Res., 58, 11-22 (1978)
2) McMahon RE., et al.: Cancer Res., 39, 682-693 (1979)
3) Yasou K., et al.: Mutation Res., 58, 143-150 (1978)@
4) IARC: IARC Monographs, Vol. 29, pp. 83-91, IARC, Lyon, France (1982)

yNotez (Cited from IARC Monographs, Suppl., 6, 1987)@
@ No data were available on the genetic and related effects of benzoyl chroride in human.
@ It di not induce mutaion or DNA damage in bacteria. (IARC Monographs, 79, 83, 1982) : @

œ Benzoyl peroxide@iƒxƒ“ƒ]ƒCƒ‹ƒp[ƒIƒLƒTƒCƒhj(Benoxyl)
@
94-36-0@@Industry/Food/Medicine@@ 242.22
AM Sal. Max ( 1.0 mg/plate, }S9)

 

1)

CA CHL/IU Max ( 0.20 mg/ml, -S9), 24-48h

 

2)

1) Ishidate MJr (Ed.): Data Book of Mutagenicity Tests on Chemicals in Bacteria, LIC/Tokyo (1991)  (Tables in English)
2) Sofuni T. (Ed.): Data Book of Chromosome Aberration Test In Vitro LIC, Tokyo (1998) (Tables in English)

US-NTP Genotoxicity Screening:
› Ames Test (}S9) :@  @

œ Benzoyl thiamine disulfide (Beston; Bisbentiamine)
@
2667-89-2@@Food@ @770.95

AM Sal. Max ( 10.0 mg/plate, }S9)

 

1)

CA CHL/IU Max (0.03 mg/ml,-S9), 24-48h

 

2)

1) Ishidate MJr (Ed.): Data Book of Mutagenicity Tests on Chemicals in Bacteria, LIC/Tokyo (1991)  (Tables in English)
2) Sofuni T. (Ed.): Data Book of Chromosomal Aberration Test in vitro LIC/Tokyo (1998) (Tables in English)

œ Benzyl acetate@
iƒxƒ“ƒWƒ‹ƒAƒZƒe[ƒgj
@
140-11-4@@Natural @ 150.18
AM Sal. Max (?)

 

1)

BM B.subtilis Max (?)@

 

2)

1) Florin I., et al.: Toxicology, 18, 219-232 (1980)
2) Oda Y., et al.: Research Report, Osaka-Furitu Koshu-Eisei Kenkyu Shokuhin, 9, 177-181(1978)
@@
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